Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure. Having achieved success in the Western TV series Rawhide, he became internationally renowned for his role as Anonymous Man in Sergio Leone Dollars Western spaghetti trilogy during the 1960s, and as a antihero police Harry Callahan in five Dirty Harry movies during the 1970s and 1980s. These roles, among other things, have made Eastwood a permanent cultural icon of masculinity.
For his work in the film West of Unforgiven (1992) and Million Dollar Baby (2004), Eastwood won the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Film, and received a nomination for Best Actor. Eastwood's biggest commercial success was the Everywhere Way Loose (1978) comedy and its sequel, Any That Way You Can (1980) action comedy, after adjustment for inflation. Other popular films include Western Hang Em High (1968), psychological thriller Play Misty For Me (1971), crime film Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (1974), the West The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), the prison movie Escape from Alcatraz (1979), the action film Firefox (1982) tightrope thriller (1984), Western Pale Rider (1985), war film Where Eagles Dare (1968)), Kelly's Heroes (1970), and Heartbreak Ridge (1986), Thriller In the Line of Fire (1993), romantic drama The Bridges of Madison County (1995), and the drama Gran Torino (2008).
In addition to directing many of his own star vehicles, Eastwood also directs films in which he does not appear, such as the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the war film Letter from Iwo Jima (2006 ), who received Academy Award nominations, Changeling drama (2008), and the South African biographical sports drama Invictus (2009). The biopic war drama film American Sniper (2014) set the box office record for the biggest January release ever and also the biggest opening ever for the Eastwood movie.
Eastwood received critical acclaim in France for several films, including some films that were not well received in the United States. Eastwood has been awarded two of France's highest honors: in 1994 he became recipient of the Commander of Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and in 2007 he was awarded the Legion of Honor medal. In 2000, Eastwood was awarded the Golden Festival of Venice Venice Film Festival for lifetime achievement.
Since 1967, Eastwood has run its own production company, Malpaso Productions, which has produced all of its four American films. Starting in 1986, Eastwood served for two years as mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, a non-partisan office.
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Eastwood was born on May 31, 1930, in San Francisco, California, son of Clinton Eastwood Sr (1906-1970) and Ruth Wood (nÃÆ' Â © e Runner; 1909-2006). Ruth then took the last name of her second husband, John Belden Wood (1913-2004), whom he married after Clinton Sr.'s death. Eastwood was nicknamed "Samson" by a hospital nurse because of his weight of 6 pounds 6 ounces (5.2 kg) at birth. He has a younger sister, Jeanne Bernhardt (born 1934). Eastwood is of British, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch descent. He was descended from Mayflower passenger William Bradford, and through this line is the 12th generation of his family born in North America.
During the 1930s, his family moved often when his father worked along the West Coast. Contrary to what Eastwood indicated in a media interview, they did not move at all between 1940 and 1949. Living in Piedmont, California, Eastwoods live in a very rich part of town, own a swimming pool, a country club property, and every parent drove their own car. Clint attended Piedmont High School, where he was detained for poor academic grades; notes show he also has to attend summer school. From January 1945 to at least January 1946, he attended Piedmont High School, but was asked to leave for writing obscene suggestions to a school official on the athletic scoreboard, and to bury someone on the school lawn, on top of another school offense. He was transferred to Oakland Technical High School and scheduled to graduate in January 1949 as a mid-year graduate, though it is unclear whether he ever did. "Clint is passing from the plane shop, I think that's the point," joked Don Kincaid's classmate. Another high school friend, Don Loomis, echoes, "I do not think he spends much time in school because he's having fun elsewhere." "I think what happened was that he just left and started having fun, I just do not think he finished high school," explained Fritz Manes, a childhood friend two years younger than Eastwood, who remained in touch with him until their fall on mid 1980s. Biographer Patrick McGilligan notes that the high school graduation record is a matter of strict legal confidentiality.
Eastwood held a number of jobs, including as a lifeguard, paper carrier, grocer, forest fireman, and golf caddy. Eastwood said that he tried to enroll at Seattle University [in 1951] but was subsequently recruited into the United States Army during the Korean War. "He always dropped the reference to the Korean War, hoping everyone would conclude that he was in combat and might be a hero, actually he was a lifeguard at Fort Ord in northern California for all his duties in the military," commented Eastwood's old friend Sondra Locke. Don Loomis remembered hearing that Eastwood was babbling one of the daughters of a Fort Ord officer, who might have been asked for permission to be alert when names appeared to be sent. On his return from a prearranged meeting in Seattle, Washington, he was a passenger to the Douglas AD bomber who ran out of fuel and fell into the sea near Point Reyes. Using a life raft, he and the pilot swam 3.2 km to safety.
Maps Clint Eastwood
Careers
1950: Beginning of career struggle
According to a CBS press release for Rawhide , the Universal film company (later known as Universal-International) was filming at Fort Ord when an aggressive assistant saw Eastwood and invited him to see the director. According to Eastwood's official biography, the main character is a man named Chuck Hill, who is stationed at Fort Ord and has contacts in Hollywood. While in Los Angeles, Hill became familiar with Eastwood and managed to smuggle Eastwood into a Universal studio, where he showed it to Irving Glassberg's cameraman. Glassberg arranged for an audition under Arthur Lubin, who, although impressed with Clint's appearance and appearance at 6'4 "(193 cm), initially disagrees with his acting skills, commented," He is quite amateurish. He does not know where to turn or where to go or do anything. â € Lubin suggested that he attend the drama class and arrange Eastwood's early contract in April 1954, for $ 100 per week. After signing, Eastwood was initially criticized for his rigid manner and delivered his lines through his teeth, a trademark for life.
In May 1954, Eastwood made his first real audition for Six Bridges to Cross but was rejected by Joseph Pevney. After many failed auditions, he was eventually given a small role by director Jack Arnold in the Revenge of the Creature (1955), a recently released sequel to The Creature from the Black Lagoon >. In September 1954, Eastwood worked for three weeks at Arthur Lubin's Lady Godiva of Coventry, winning a role in February 1955, playing "Jonesy", a sailor in Francis in the Navy. and appeared in the movie Jack Arnold, Tarantula , in which he played a squadron pilot. In May 1955, Eastwood placed four hours of work into the film Never Say Goodbye and had a small, unrecognized role as a farm hand (his first western film) in August 1955 with Law Man i>, also known as Star in the Dust . Universal presented it with his first television role on July 2, 1955, at NBC's Allen in Movieland, starring comedian Steve Allen, actor Tony Curtis and swing musician Benny Goodman. Although he continued to grow as an actor, Universal ended his contract on October 23, 1955.
Eastwood joined the Marsh Agency, and although Lubin gave him his biggest role to date at The First Traveling Saleslady (1956) and then hired him for Escapade in Japan without a formal Eastwood contract fight. On the advice of Irving Leonard, his financial advisor, he changed the talent agency to the Kumin-Olenick Agency in 1956 and Mitchell Gertz in 1957. He gained some minor roles in 1956 as a temperamental military officer for the ABC readers segment
In 1958, Eastwood was cast as Rowdy Yates for the hour-long CBS western series of Rawhide, a breakthrough in his long-awaited career. However, Eastwood was not too happy with his character; Eastwood was almost 30, and Rowdy was too young and too cloddish for Clint to be comfortable with the role. The filming started in Arizona in the summer of 1958. It took only three weeks for Rawhide to reach the top 20 in the TV rankings and although it never won the Emmy, it was a huge success for several years, reaching its peak in number six in the rankings between October 1960 and April 1961. The years Rawhide (1959-65) were some of the most grueling of Eastwood careers, often filming six days a week for an average of twelve hours a day, but he is still criticized by some directors for not working hard enough. By the end of 1963 Rawhide had begun to decline in popularity and lacked freshness in manuscripts; it was canceled in the middle of the 1965-66 television season. Eastwood made his first attempt to direct when he filmed some trailers for the show, although he could not convince the producers to let him direct an episode. In the first season the Eastwood event earned $ 750 an episode. At the time of cancellation Rawhide ', she received $ 119,000 an episode as severance pay.
1960s
At the end of 1963, Eastwood's fellow Eastwood star Rawhide Eric Fleming declined an offer to star in an Italian made called "A Fistful of Dollars", to be directed in a remote part of Spain by Sergio Leone which is relatively unknown. Richard Harrison suggested Eastwood to Leone because Harrison knew Eastwood could play cowboys convincingly. Eastwood thought the movie would be an opportunity to escape from his Rawhide image. Eastwood signed a contract for $ 15,000 in wages for an eleven-week job, with a bonus of Mercedes cars after completion. Eastwood then talks about the transition from western television to A Fistful of Dollars: "In Rawhide I'm very tired of playing a conventional white hat, a hero who kisses old women and dogs and is good to all I decided it was time to become an anti-hero. "Eastwood was instrumental in creating the typical visual style of Man With No Name characters and, although non-smokers, Leone insisted on smoking Eastwood cigars as an essential ingredient of the" mask "he was trying to create for loner characters.
A Fistful of Dollars proved to be a milestone in the development of Western spaghetti, with Leone portraying a more lawless and lonely world than the traditional west, and challenging American stereotypes of western heroes with ambiguous moral antihero. The success of this film made Eastwood a major star in Italy and he was re-employed to star in For More Dollars (1965), the second of the trilogy. Through the efforts of screenwriter Luciano Vincenzoni, the rights to For More Dollars and the last film of the Good, Bad and Bad trilogy ( ) were sold to the United Artists for about $ 900,000.
In January 1966, Eastwood met with producer Dino De Laurentiis in New York City and agreed to star in a non-Western anthropological production named Le Streghe ("The Witches") in the presence of De Laurentiis' wife, actress Silvana Mangano. Eastin's nineteen-minute installment took only a few days to shoot, but his performance did not please critics, one of whom wrote that "no other appearance of him is so 'unlike Clint'." Two months later Eastwood began working on his third Dollar movie, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, again playing a Mysterious Man without a Name. Lee Van Cleef returns as a cruel lucky seeker, with Eli Wallach portraying an ingenious Mexican bandit, Tuco Ramirez. The storyline involves searching Confederate gold cache planted in a cemetery. During the filming of the scene where the bridge was blown up, Eastwood urged Wallach to retreat to the top of the hill. "I know about these things," he said. "Stay away from the special effects and explosives you can." A few minutes later there was confusion among the crew over the words "Vaya!" resulting in a premature explosion that could kill Wallach.
I want to play it with the economy of words and create this whole feeling through attitude and movement. It's just the kind of character I've dreamed of for a long time, sticking to the mystery and alluding to what happened in the past. It happened after the frustration of doing Rawhide for so long. I feel the more he says, the stronger he is and the more he grows in the imagination of the audience.
Trilogy Dollars was not released in the United States until 1967, when
Stardom carries more roles for Eastwood. He signed to star in the revision of West America Hang Hang Em High (1968), featured with Inger Stevens, Pat Hingle, Dennis Hopper, Ed Begley, Alan Hale, Ben Johnson, Bruce Dern and James MacArthur, played a man who took the Marshal's badge and sought revenge as a lawyer after being hanged by a security guard and left to die. The film earned Eastwood a fee of $ 400,000 and 25 percent of box office revenue. Using money derived from trilogy, Eastwood accountants and advisors, Irving Leonard helped establish his own Eastwood production company, Malpaso Productions, named after Malpaso Creek at Eastwood property in Monterey County, California. Recently a month before the film's release, the 38-year-old Eastwood is still relatively unknown; in July 1968, columnist columnist Dorothy Manners said, "The proverbial man on the street still asks," Who is Clint Eastwood? "Leonard arranged that Hang 'Em High be a joint production with United Artists; when it opened in August 1968, it had the biggest opening weekend in the history of the United Artists. Hang' Em High is widely praised by critics, including Archer Winsten of the New York Post, which describes it as, "western quality, courage, danger and joy."
Prior to the release of Hang' Em High Eastwood had begun working on Coogan's Bluff, about an Arizona deputy deputy who tracked down the wanted psychopath (Don Stroud) criminal through the streets of New York City. He reunited with Universal Studios for it after receiving a $ 1 million offer - more than double the previous salary. Jennings Lang arranged Eastwood to meet Don Siegel, a Universal contract director who later became Eastwood's close friend, forming a partnership that would last more than ten years and produce five films. The shooting began in November 1967, before the script was completed. The film is controversial because of its violent depictions. Coogan's Bluff also became the first collaboration with Argentine composer Lalo Schifrin, who later composed jazzy scores for several Eastwood films in the 1970s and 1980s, including Dirty Harry movies.
Eastwood paid $ 750,000 in 1968 for the war epic where Eagles Dare, about the World War II squad plunged into the Gestapo headquarters in the mountains. Richard Burton plays the squad commander, with Eastwood as his right hand. Eastwood also acted as a Two-Face on Batman's television show, but the series was canceled before the filming began.
Eastwood then branched off to star in the only musical in his career, Paint Your Wagon (1969). Eastwood and Lee Marvin played gold miners who bought a disgruntled Mormon settler wife (Jean Seberg) at an auction. The weather was bad and the delay hit production, and the film budget eventually exceeded $ 20 million, which was very expensive for the time being. The film is not a critical or commercial success, although nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Music or Comedy.
1970s
In 1970, Eastwood starred with Shirley MacLaine in the west Two Mules for Sister Sara , directed by Don Siegel. The film follows an American mercenary, who is interfered with a prostitute disguised as a nun, and eventually helps a group of Juarista rebels during the reign of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. Eastwood once again plays a mysterious stranger - unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest, and smoking a cigar. Despite moderate reviews, the film is listed in the New York Times Guide for the 1000 Best Movies Ever Made . Later that same year, Eastwood starred as one of a group of Americans who stole the golden treasures of the Nazis, in the film World War II Kelly's Heroes, with Donald Sutherland and Telly Savalas. Kelly's Heroes is the last Eastwood movie to appear that was not produced by Malpaso Productions of his own. Filming began in July 1969 at locations in Yugoslavia and in London. The film received most of the positive reception and its anti-war sentiments were recognized. In the winter of 1969-70, Eastwood and Siegel began planning the next film, The Beguiled, a tale of a wounded Union soldier, held hostage by sexually suppressed prisoners (played by Geraldine Page) of the Girls' School South. Once released, the film gained great recognition in France and is considered one of Eastwood's best works by France. However, it earned less than $ 1 million and, according to Eastwood and Lang, flopped down because of the bad publicity and the "castrated" role of Eastwood.
Eastwood's career reached a turning point in 1971. Before Irving Leonard died, he and Eastwood had discussed Malpaso's idea of ​​producing Misty for Me, a film that gave Eastwood the artistic control he desired, and his debut as a director. The script is about a DJ disc jockey named Dave (Eastwood), who has casual relationships with Evelyn (Jessica Walter), a listener who has called radio stations repeatedly at night, asking her to play her favorite song - Erroll Garner Misty . When Dave ends their relationship, Evelyn is unconscious as a stalker. The filming began in Monterey in September 1970 and included footage of the Monterey Jazz Festival that year. The film is highly acclaimed by critics, such as Jay Cocks in Time magazine, Andrew Sarris at Village Voice, and Archer Winsten at New York Post all praised the film, as well as the skills and performance of Eastwood directors. Walter was nominated for the Best Golden Globe Actress Award (Drama), for his performance in the film.
I know what you're thinking. "Did he shoot six shots or just five?" Well, to tell the truth, in all this excitement, I kind of lost track of myself. But, since this is the.44 Magnum, the most powerful gun in the world and will make your head disappear, you have to ask yourself one question: "Am I feeling lucky?" Well, are you, punk?
Dirty Harry (1971), written by Harry and Rita Fink, centered on a New York City police inspector (later converted to San Francisco) named Harry Callahan who was determined to stop psychotic killers by any means. Dirty Harry has been portrayed as the most memorable Eastwood character, and the film is credited with creating the genre of "freestyle police". Writer Eric Lichtenfeld argues that Eastwood's role as Dirty Harry forms the "first true archetypes" of the action film genre. The lines (quoted above) are considered by gun-hand historians, such as Garry James and Richard Venola, as the powers throwing the revolver of.44 Magnum to new heights in the United States; especially Smith & amp; Wesson Model 29 was brought by Harry Callahan. Dirty Harry achieved great success after being released in December 1971, earning $ 22 million in the United States and Canada alone. It was Siegel's best-selling film and the beginning of a series of films featuring Harry Callahan's character. Although a number of critics have praised Eastwood's performance as Dirty Harry, as Jay Cocks of Time magazine described it as "... giving his best performance so far, tense, tough, full of implicit identification with his character," the film also much criticized as fascist.
After Sean Connery's announcement that he would not play again with James Bond, Eastwood was offered the role but refused him because he believed that the character should be played by a British actor. He later starred in the western loner Joe Kidd (1972), based on a character inspired by Reies Lopez Tijerina, who stormed the courthouse in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico in June 1967. During the filming, Eastwood suffered bronchial infections and some panic attacks. Joe Kidd received mixed acceptance, with Roger Greenspun of The New York Times writing that it was mediocre, with foolish symbolism and careless editing, although he praised Eastwood's performance.
In 1973, Eastwood directed his first west, High Plains Drifter , in which he also starred. The film has a moral and supernatural theme, then imitated on Pale Rider . The plot follows a mysterious stranger (Eastwood) who arrives at a meditative western town where people hire him to protect them against three criminals who will soon be released. There was still confusion during the film about whether the stranger was his brother's deputy, who was thrown and killed by criminals, or his spirits. Holes in the plot filled with humor and allegory black, influenced by Leone. The revisionist film received mixed acceptance, but was a huge hit at the box office. A number of critics think that Eastwood directed "as such an expressive descendant," with Arthur Knight of the Saturday Review commenting that Eastwood has "... absorbed Siegel and Leone's approach and incorporated it with its own paranoid vision of society." John Wayne, who had rejected the role in the film, sent a letter to Eastwood as soon as the film was released where he complained that, "The townspeople do not represent the true spirit of American pioneers, the spirit that makes America great."
Eastwood then turned his attention to Breezy (1973), a film about love blossoming between a middle-aged man and a teenage girl. During casting for the film Eastwood meets Sondra Locke for the first time, an actress who will play the lead role in her six films over the next ten years and will become an important figure in her life. Kay Lenz gets part of Breezy because Locke, at the age of 29, is considered too old. The film, shot very quickly and efficiently by Eastwood and Frank Stanley, came in $ 1 million under budget and finished three days ahead of schedule. Breezy is not a major critical or commercial success and was only available on video in 1998.
After the filming of Breezy finished, Warners announced that Eastwood had agreed to re-enact its role as Callahan at the Magnum Force (1973), a sequel to Dirty Harry , about a group of naughty young officers (among them David Soul, Robert Urich and Tim Matheson) at the San Francisco Police Department systematically destroying the worst criminals of the city. Although the film was a huge success after it was released, earning $ 58.1 million in the United States (a record for Eastwood), it was not a critical success. The New York Times critic Nora Sayre highlights the often conflicting moral themes of the film, while the Frank Rich newspaper calls it "the same old thing".
In 1974, Eastwood teamed up with Jeff Bridges and George Kennedy in the action of Thunderbolt and Lightfoot friends, a street movie about a Thunderbolt veteran bank robber (Eastwood) and a young swindler, Lightfoot (Bridge )). On its release, in the spring of 1974, the film was praised for its high-flying comedy mixed with tension and high tragedy but just a modest success at the box office, earning $ 32.4 million. Eastwood's acting was noted by critics, but overshadowed by Bridges who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Eastwood reportedly was angry at the lack of Academy Award recognition for her and vowed that she would never work for a United Artist again.
The later Eastwood film The Eiger Sanction (1975) is based on the critically acclaimed Trevanian novel novel of the same name. Eastwood served as Jonathan Hemlock in a role originally intended for Paul Newman, a murderer who changed professors of college arts who decided to return to the previous profession for the last "sanction" in return for a rare Pissarro painting. In the process he must climb the northern part of the Eiger's face in Switzerland in dangerous conditions. Mike Hoover taught Eastwood how to climb for several weeks of preparation in Yosemite in the summer of 1974 before filming began in Grindelwald, Switzerland on August 12, 1974. Despite previous warnings about the danger of the Eiger, the film crew experienced a number of accidents, including one death. Despite the dangers, Eastwood insists on doing all the climbing and stunts on its own. After its release in May 1975 Eiger Sanctions was marginally commercially successful, receiving $ 14.2 million at the box office, and was received with mixed reviews. Joy Gould Boyum of the Wall Street Journal considers the film a "brutal fantasy". Eastwood blames Universal Studios for the promotion of a bad movie and looks away to make a deal with Warner Brothers, through Frank Wells, which has lasted to this day.
The Outlaw of Josey Wales (1976), a West inspired by Asa Carter's 1972 novel of the same name, had the main character of Josey Wales (Eastwood) as a pro-Confederate guerrilla who refused to surrender his arm after the Civil War America and pursued in the old southwest by a group of law enforcement. Supporters included Locke as his love interest and Chief Dan George as the old Cherokee who attacked friendships with Wales. Director Philip Kaufman was fired by producer Bob Daley under the command of Eastwood, resulting in a reported fine of about $ 60,000 from the Guild of America Board of Directors - which passed a new law mandating the right to impose large fines on manufacturers for the use and replacement of a director. The film has been screened at the Sun Valley Center for Arts and Humanity in Idaho during a six-day conference titled Western Films: Myths and Pictures . Invited for screenings are a number of esteemed film critics, including Jay Cocks and Arthur Knight; directors like King Vidor, William Wyler, and Howard Hawks; and a number of academics. After its release in the summer of 1976 The Outlaw of Josey Wales was widely recognized, with many critics and viewers seeing Eastwood's role as an icon associated with the past of American ancestors and the fate of the nation after the American Civil War. Roger Ebert compares the nature and vulnerability of Eastwood's portrayal of Josey Wales to his Man with No Name character in western Dollars and praises the film's atmosphere. This movie will appear in Time 's "Top 10 Movies of the Year".
Eastwood was then offered the role of Benjamin L. Willard in Francis Coppola's Apocalypse Now, but declined because he did not want to spend weeks at a location in the Philippines. He also rejected part of the platoon leader in the Vietnam War Ted Post movie, Go Tell the Spartans and instead decided to make the third movie Dirty Harry , The Enforcer
In 1977, he directed and starred in The Gauntlet across from Locke, Pat Hingle, William Prince, Bill McKinney, and Mara Corday. Eastwood described a desperate policeman and was assigned to escort a prostitute from Las Vegas to Phoenix to testify against the masses. Despite the moderate hits with the viewing audience, critics have mixed feelings about the movie, with many believing it's too hard. Ebert, on the other hand, gave the film three stars and called it "... Clint Eastwood's classic: fast, furious, and funny." The following year, he starred in Every Who Way But Loose in an unusual offbeat comedy role. He plays Philo Beddoe, a truck driver and fighter who roamed the West for lost love (Locke) accompanied by his brother (played by Geoffrey Lewis) and orangutans named Clyde. The film proved very successful after it was released and became Eastwood's most commercially successful film up to that time. Driven by critics, it ranked high amongst the box office successes of his career and was the second best-selling film of 1978.
Eastwood starred in Escape from Alcatraz in 1979, his latest film directed by Siegel. It is based on the true story of Frank Lee Morris who, along with John and Clarence Anglin, escaped from the famous Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in 1962. The film was a huge success; Stanley Kauffmann of The New Republic praised it as "crystalline cinema" and Frank Rich of Time described it as "a cool cinematic gift."
1980s
In 1980, Eastwood directed and played the title role in Bronco Billy with Locke, Scatman Crothers, and Sam Bottoms. Eastwood has called Bronco Billy one of the most casual shoots of his career and biographer Richard Schickel argues that Bronco Billy is an East-Self-Referential character. The film is a rare commercial disappointment in Eastwood's career, but is favored by critics. Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that the film was "... the best and funniest Clint Eastwood movie in a long time," and praised the Eastwood direction, which complicated the old West and New West. Later that year, Eastwood starred in Any Which Way You Can , a sequel to Every Which Way But Loose . The film received a number of bad reviews from critics, although Maslin described it as "funny and even better than its predecessor". Released in the Christmas season of 1980, Any Way You Can is a major box office success and ranks among the top five best selling movies of the year.
In 1982, Eastwood directed and starred in Honkytonk Man , based on Clancy Carlile's depression era novel. Eastwood depicted the struggling western singer Red Stovall who suffered from tuberculosis, but was eventually given the opportunity to become great at the Grand Ole Opry. He was accompanied by his young nephew (played by Kyle's son) to Nashville, Tennessee, where he was supposed to record a song. Only Time is giving this movie good reviews in the United States, with most reviewers criticizing the mix of muted humor and tragedy. Nevertheless, the film received critical acclaim in France, where it was compared to John Ford's
Eastwood directed and starred in the fourth Dirty Harry movie, Sudden Impact, which was shot in the spring and summer of 1983 and is considered the darkest and most violent of the series. Currently Eastwood receives 60% of all profits from the film he starred and directed, with the rest going to the studio. Sudden Impact is the last screen collaboration with Locke. He acted as an artist who, together with his sister, raped a gang a decade before the story took place and sought revenge for the situation of his current sisters by systematically killing the rapists systematically. The line "Please, make my day" (pronounced by Eastwood during the initial scene in a coffee shop) has been referred to as one of the eternal lines of cinema. It was quoted by President Ronald Reagan in a speech to Congress, and was used during the 1984 presidential election. The film is the second most successful film from Dirty Harry movie, after The Enforcer , earns $ 70 million. It received very positive reviews, with many critics praising the feminism aspect of the film through exploring the physical and psychological consequences of rape.
Tightrope (1984) has Eastwood starring GeneviÃÆ'¨ve Bujold in a provocative thriller, inspired by a newspaper article about an elusive Bay Area rapist. Set in New Orleans to avoid confusion with Dirty Harry's movies, Eastwood plays a divorced policeman who is drawn into his tormented psychology of targets and an interest in sadomasochism. Tightrope was a critical and commercial hit and became the fourth best-selling R-rated movie in 1984. Eastwood went on to star in the City Heat comedy comedy (1984) with Burt Reynolds, a film about the eye personal and his colleagues involved with gangsters in the era of banning the 1930s. The film grossed about $ 50 million domestically, but was overshadowed by Eddie Murphy of Beverly Hills Cop.
Western. Passes, pioneers, loners operating alone, without the benefit of society. It usually has something to do with some kind of retaliation; he takes care of his own retaliation, does not call the police. Like Robin Hood. This is the last masculine frontier. The romantic myth, I think, though it's hard to think about romantic things today. In the West you can think, Jesus, there was a time when humans were alone, on horses, out there where man had not yet ruined the land.
Eastwood performed its sole influence on TV with the 1985 episode of Vanessa in the Garden 1985 Amazing Stories, starring Harvey Keitel and Locke. This was his first collaboration with Steven Spielberg, who later co-produced the Flag of Our Father and Letter from Iwo Jima . He will return to the Western genre when he directed and starred in Pale Rider (1985), a film based on the classic 1953 Western Shane and following a preacher down from the mist of Sierras siding with miners during the California Gold Rush 1850. The title is a reference to the Four Horsemen of Doomsday, as the pale horse rider is Death, and shows similarities to Eastwood 1973 in the West High Plains Drifter in the themes of morality and justice and his exploration of the supernatural. Pale Rider became one of Eastwood's most successful films to date. It was hailed as one of the best films of 1985 and the best of the west emerged for an extended period of time, with Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune commenting, "This year (1985) will go down in film history like Clint Eastwood finally got the honor of being an artist ".
In 1986, Eastwood starred alongside Marsha Mason in the Heartbreak Ridge military drama about the 1983 US invasion of Grenada. He described a veteran US Marine Sergeant Weapon from the Korean War and the Vietnam War who realized he was nearing the end of his military service. Production and filming was undermined by an internal strife between Eastwood and his old friend and producer Fritz Manes, as well as between Eastwood and the US Department of Defense that expressed contempt for the film. At the time, the film was more commercial than a critical success, and had just been seen better in recent times. The film grossed $ 70 million domestically.
Eastwood starred in The Dead Pool (1988), the fifth and final film in the series Dirty Harry . The film stars Patricia Clarkson, Liam Neeson, and young Jim Carrey who plays Johnny Squares, a forbidden rock star and the first victim on a celebrity list made by the horror movie director Peter Swan (Neeson) who is considered the most likely to die, called " Dead Pool ". The list was stolen by an obsessed fan, who imitated his favorite director, made a list through celebrity killing, which also included Dirty Harry. The Dead Pool earned nearly $ 38 million, a relatively low acceptance for the movie Dirty Harry . This is generally regarded as the weakest film of the series, though Roger Ebert considers it as good as the original.
Eastwood began working on smaller, more private projects and had a quiet period in his career between 1988 and 1992. Always interested in jazz, he directed Bird (1988), a biopic film starring Forest Whitaker as jazz musician Charlie "Bird" Parker. Alto saxophonist Jackie McLean and Spike Lee, son of jazz bassist Bill Lee and longtime critic of Eastwood, criticized the characterization of Charlie Parker commenting that it did not capture his true essence and sense of humor. Eastwood received two Golden Globes for the film, Cecil B. DeMille Award for his lifetime contribution, and Best Director award. However, Bird is a commercial failure, earning only $ 11 million, which Eastwood attributes to a declining interest in jazz among blacks. Carrey will appear with Eastwood again in a poorly received comedy Pink Cadillac (1989). The movie is about a bounty hunter and a group of white supremacists chasing an innocent woman (Bernadette Peters) who tries to outrun everyone in her precious pink Cadillac husband. The film failed critically and commercially, generating almost nothing more than Bird and marking a low point in Eastwood's career.
1990s
Eastwood directed and starred in the White Hunter Black Heart (1990), an adaptation of Peter Viertel's romance, about John Huston and the classic film making The Queen of Africa >. Shot in a location in Zimbabwe in the summer of 1989, the film received critical attention but with only a limited release earned only $ 8.4 million. Then in 1990, Eastwood directed and starred along with Charlie Sheen on The Rookie , a friend action movie. Critics find film plots and characterizations inconclusive, but praise the sequence of action. The ongoing lawsuit, in response to Eastwood allegedly crashing a female car, resulted in no Eastwood film being shown in theaters in 1991. Eastwood won the suit and agreed to pay the reporter's legal fees if he did not file an appeal.
... if possible, he looks taller, slimmer and more mysteriously owned than in the seminal Sergio Leone Fistful of Dollars a quarter of a century ago. The years have not yet softened him. They have given him the presence of some vicious natural forces, which is probably why the mythical, late 19th century landscape became itself, never more than the new Unforgiven. Ã, ... This is his richest and most fulfilling performance since being underestimated, politically insane Heartbreak Ridge . Nothing like her.
In 1992, Eastwood revisited the western genre in his movie Unforgiven, a film he directed and starred as a former sniper who had long since passed his prime. The script existed for the film in early 1976 with titles like Cut-Whore Killings and Kill Munny but Eastwood delayed the project because he wanted to wait until he was old enough to play his character and to enjoy it as his last movie. Unforgivable is a major commercial and critical success; Jack Methews of the Los Angeles Times described it as "the best classic western to come because it's probably John Ford's 1956 The Searchers." The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards, (including Best Actor for Eastwood and Best Original Screenplay for David Webb Peoples) and won four, including Best Movie and Best Director for Eastwood In June 2008, Unforgiven was ranked as the fourth best Western American behind Shane. i>, High Noon
Eastwood plays Frank Horrigan in Secret Service thriller In the Line of Fire (1993), directed by Wolfgang Petersen and starring John Malkovich and Rene Russo. Horrigan was a guarded Secret Service agent who was haunted by his failure to save John F. Kennedy's life. The film was among the top 10 box office players that year, earning $ 102 million in the United States alone. Then in 1993, he directed and co-starred alongside Kevin Costner at A Perfect World . Set in the 1960s, Eastwood plays the Texas Ranger in the pursuit of an escaped convict (Costner) who hits the road with a young boy (T.J. Lowther). Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that this film marks the highest point of Eastwood's directing career, and the film has been named one of the most underrated achievements of the director.
In May Ã, 1994 Cannes Eastwood Film Festival received the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres medal, and on March 27, 1995, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award at the 67th Academy Awards. The next film appearance in a cameo role as himself in the 1995 children's film Casper . Later that same year he expanded his repertoire by playing against Meryl Streep at The Bridges of Madison County. Based on Robert James Waller's novel, the film tells the story of Robert Kincaid (Eastwood), a photographer working for National Geographic, who had an affair with a middle-aged Italian farmer's wife, Francesca (Streep). Although this novel received unfavorable reviews and subjects considered potentially unsuitable for the film, The Bridges of Madison County is a commercial and critical success. Roger Ebert writes, "Streep and Eastwood weave mantras, and it is based on a special knowledge of love and self that comes with middle age." The film was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Picture and won a ca Award in France for Best Foreign Film. Streep was also nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe.
In 1997, Eastwood directed and starred in the political thriller Absolute Power, along with Gene Hackman (with whom he appeared in Unforgiven). Eastwood played the role of a veteran thief who watched the Secret Service cover up the murder. The film received mixed remarks from critics. Then in 1997, Eastwood directed Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, based on John Berendt's novel and starring John Cusack, Kevin Spacey, and Jude Law. The film meets a mixed critical response.
The role played by Eastwood, and the films he directed, can not be separated from American culture in the last quarter century, his imagination, and the facts.
Eastwood directed and starred in True Crime (1999). He plays Steve Everett, a journalist and recovers alcohol, which must cover the execution of Frank Beechum's killer (played by Isaiah Washington). True Crime received mixed acceptance, with Janet Maslin from The New York Times writing, "his lead was galvanized by a sense of second chance and tragic misunderstanding, and with a greater sense of justice contrast with strange little things of crime.Maybe he went shade too far in the latter direction, though. "The film is a box office failure, resulting in less than half of the $ 55 million budget and was Eastwood's worst film in the 1990s aside from White Hunter Black Heart , which has a limited release.
2000s
In 2000, Eastwood directed and starred in Space Cowboys with Tommy Lee Jones, Donald Sutherland and James Garner. Eastwood played one of a group of pilots of former veteran pilots who were sent into space to repair old Soviet satellites. Original music score compiled by Eastwood and Lennie Niehaus. The Space Cowboys are well received and hold a 79 percent rating at Rotten Tomatoes, though Roger Ebert writes that the film, "is too safe in the traditional story structure to make many appear risky." The film earned more than $ 90 million in the United States release, more than two previous Eastwood films combined. In 2002, Eastwood played a former FBI agent chasing a sadistic killer (Jeff Daniels) in the Blood Work thriller, loosely based on a 1998 novel of the same name by Michael Connelly. The film failed commercially, generating revenues of just $ 26.2 million with an estimated budget of $ 50 million and received mixed reviews, with Rotten Tomatoes describing it as, "well made but marred by a sluggish tempo". Eastwood, however, won the Future Digital Film Award of the Festival at the Venice Film Festival for the film.
Clint is a true artist in every way. Despite years of being at the top of his game and the legendary films he made, he always made us feel comfortable and valued on the set, treating us equally.
Eastwood directs and prints the crime drama Mystic River (2003), a film that addresses themes of murder, vigilantism and sexual abuse and starring Sean Penn, Kevin Bacon and Tim Robbins. The film was praised by critics and won two Academy Awards - Best Actor for Penn and Best Supporting Actor for Robbins - with Eastwood collecting nominations for Best Director and Best Movie. The film grossed $ 90 Ã, million domestically with a budget of $ 30 Ã, million. In 2003, Eastwood was named Best Director of the Year by the National Critics Institute.
The following year Eastwood found further critical praise with Million Dollar Baby. The boxing drama won four Academy Awards for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actress (Hilary Swank), and Best Supporting Actor (Morgan Freeman). At age 74, Eastwood became the oldest director of eighteen directors who have directed two or more Best Photo winners. He also received a nomination for Best Actor, as well as a Grammy nomination for his value, and won the Golden Globe for Best Director, presented to him by Kathryn's daughter, Miss Golden Globe at the 2005 ceremony. AO Scott of The New York Times praised this film as "masterpiece" and best movie of the year.
In 2006, Eastwood directed two films about the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. The first, Our Father's Flag , focuses on those raising the American flag on Mount Suribachi and featuring the debut of Eastwood's son Scott. This was followed by a letter from Iwo Jima, related to the Japanese army tactics on the island and the letters they wrote home to family members. The letter from Iwo Jima is the first American film to describe the problem of war entirely from the American enemy's view. Both films received praise from critics and garnered some nominations at the 79th Academy Awards, including Best Director, Best Movie, and Best Original Screenplay for Letters from Iwo Jima. At the 64th Golden Globe Awards, Eastwood received a nomination for Best Director in both films. Letter from Iwo Jima won the award for Best Foreign Language Film.
Eastwood subsequently directed Changeling (2008), based on a true story made in the late 1920s. Angelina Jolie's stars as a woman reunite with her lost son only to realize that he is a con man. After being released in several film festivals, the film grossed $ 110 million more, mostly from overseas markets. The film is highly acclaimed, with Damon Wise of Empire describing Changeling as "perfect". Todd McCarthy's magazine from Variety describes it as "a definite emotional force and hand-picked style" and that movie characters and social commentaries are brought into the story with "an almost thrilling discussion". For the film Eastwood received a nomination for the Best Original Score at the 66th Golden Globe Awards, Best Direction at the 62nd Academy of Film Awards UK and director this year from the London Film Critics Circle.
Eastwood ended his four-year-old "acting hiatus" by appearing at Gran Torino, which he also directed, produces and partially shares with his son, Kyle and Jamie Cullum. Biographer Marc Eliot calls Eastwood's role "a mixture of the Unnamed Man, Dirty Harry, and William Munny, here aged and cynical but willing and able to fight whenever needed." Gran Torino grossed nearly $ 30 million during its opening opening weekend in January 2009, the highest in his career as an actor or director. Gran Torino has finally grossed over $ 268 million in theaters worldwide, becoming the best-selling film of Eastwood's career so far (no adjustment for inflation).
The direction of 30 Eastwood's director came with Invictus, a film based on the story of the South African team at the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Morgan Freeman as Nelson Mandela, Matt Damon as captain of the rugby team FranÃÆ'§ois Pienaar and Grant L Roberts as Ruben Kruger. The film meets generally positive reviews; Roger Ebert gave it three and a half stars and described it as "... a very good movie... with a moment of intense emotion," while Todd McCarthy writes, "Inspirational" about that, the Clint Eastwood movie has a predictable track, but every scene is filled with surprising details that accumulate into rich historical fabric, cultural and emotional impression. " For the film Eastwood was nominated as Best Director at the 67th Golden Globe Awards.
2010s
In 2010, Eastwood directed Hereafter , returning to work with Matt Damon, who plays a paranormal. The film premiered in the world on September 12, 2010 at the Toronto International Film Festival 2010 and has a limited release in October. Hereafter received mixed criticism from critics, with the consensus at Rotten Tomatoes being, "Though there are thoughts of Clint Eastwood's distinctive thought and talent as a director,
In 2011, Eastwood directed J. Edgar , the biopic of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, with Leonardo DiCaprio as the main character. The film received mixed reviews, although DiCaprio's performance as a Hoover was widely praised. Roger Ebert writes that the film is "fascinating," "expert," and praised DiCaprio's performance. David Edelstein of New York Magazine, praising DiCaprio, writes, "This is too bad J. Edgar so unformed and full of turgids and hands-ham, so rich in line- bad lines and poor readings ". In January 2011, it was announced that Eastwood was in talks to direct Beyoncà © © Knowles in the third remake of the 1937 movie A Star Is Born; However, the project was delayed due to Beyonce's pregnancy. Eastwood later starred in the Trouble with the Curve (2012) baseball drama, as a veteran baseball scout traveling with his daughter for the last scouting trip. Robert Lorenz, who worked with Eastwood as an assistant director on several films, directed the film.
Everyone is wondering why I keep working at this stage. I keep working because there's always a new story. ... And as long as people want me to tell them, I'll be there to do it.
During Super Bowl XLVI, Eastwood narrated a part-time ad to Chrysler entitled "It's Halftime in America". The advertisement was criticized by some US Republican, who claimed that President Barack Obama deserved a second term. In response to the criticism, Eastwood stated, "I certainly do not have political affiliation with Obama, it's meant to be a message about job growth and American spirit."
Eastwood next directed Jersey Jerseys, a music biography based on the award-winning Tony Jersey Jerseys music. The film tells the story of The Four Seasons music group, and was released on June 20, 2014. Eastwood directed the American Sniper , a film adaptation of Chris Kyle's eponymous memoir, following Steven Spielberg's departure from the project. The film was released on December 25, 2014. American Sniper grossed over $ 350 million domestically and more than $ 547 million globally, making it one of Eastwood's biggest commercial films. The next film, Sully, starred Tom Hanks as Chesley Sullenberger, who managed to land US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River in an emergency landing, keeping all passengers alive. Released in the United States in September 2016, this became another commercial success for Eastwood, grossing over $ 238 million worldwide. In 2018, he directed the biographical thriller The 15:17 to Paris, which saw previous non-professional actors Spencer Stone, Anthony Sadler and Alek Skarlatos play by themselves as they stopped the Thalys train 2015. The film received generally negative acceptance from critics, who were very critical of acting by the three leaders.
Redirecting
Starting with the Misty for Me thriller Play , Eastwood has directed over 30 movies, including Western, action movies, and dramas. He is one of several top Hollywood actors who are also a critically and commercially successful director. The New Yorker ' s David Denby wrote it, unlike Eastwood,
John Ford appeared in only a few silent films; Howard Hawks never acted in movies. Clark Gable, Gary Cooper, Spencer Tracy, James Stewart, Cary Grant, Humphrey Bogart, William Holden, Steve McQueen, and Sean Connery have never directed a feature. John Wayne directed only twice, and very badly; your idea is Burt Lancaster. Paul Newman, Jack Nicholson, Warren Beatty, Robert Redford, Robert De Niro, and Sean Penn have directed several films each, with mixed commercial and artistic success.
From the early days of his career Eastwood was frustrated by the directors' insistence that the scenes were broadcasted repeatedly and perfected, and when he began to direct in 1970, he made a conscious effort to avoid the aspects of directing him indifferent as an actor. As a result, Eastwood is notorious for directing its streamlined film and the ability to reduce film time and control the budget. He usually avoids the practice of the actors and prefers to finish most of the scenes on the first shoot. The practice of rapid Eastwood filmmaking has been compared to Woody Allen's work, Ingmar Bergman, Jean-Luc Godard, and the Coen brothers. When acting in someone else's movie, he sometimes takes over the direction, as for The Outlaw Josey Wales, if he believes production is too slow. In preparation for filming, Eastwood rarely used storyboards to develop the shooting schedule layout. He also tries to reduce the background details of the script on the characters to allow the audience to become more involved in the film, given their imagination is a requirement for a movie that is connected to the audience. Eastwood has indicated that he described the movie plot to provide the needed details to the audience, but not "so much to insult their intelligence."
According to Life's magazine, "Eastwood's style is to shoot first and act afterwards.He etching his character almost without words.He has developed the art of underestimation to the point that anyone around him who is so afraid look hammily histrionic. "Interviewer Richard Thompson and Tim Hunter note that the Eastwood films are" very steady: unhurried, cool, and [giving] a strong sense of real time, regardless of narrative speed "while Ric Gentry considers Eastwood walking" no flowering and relaxed. " Eastwood loves low lighting and backlights to give the film a "noir-ish" feel.
Eastwood's exploration of ethical values ​​has attracted the attention of experts, who have made it
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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