Face symmetry is one of the body's special asymmetry sizes. Along with the characteristics such as averageness and youth it affects the assessment of the aesthetic properties of physical attractiveness and beauty. For example, in the selection of a spouse, people have been shown to have symmetry preferences. This is because health and fitness indicators are seen, but also as a quality adaptation; reflecting the ability to withstand changes in their environment.
Facial symmetry has been suggested as a physical manifestation of the 'big-five' personality traits. For example, it was found that extraversion and openness were strongly associated with facial symmetry. Hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are believed to be related to the process of facial development and growth during puberty and as a result hypothesized to be the cause of individual differences in the implications associated with facial symmetry.
Bilateral facial symmetry is measured by fluctuating asymmetry on the face comparing random differences in facial features of both faces that develop and accumulate over a person's lifetime as a result of stressors.
Video Facial symmetry
Face symmetry
The facial symmetry has been shown to have the effect of ranking the attraction on the human face. A more symmetrical face is considered more attractive both to men and women, although facial symmetry plays a greater role in assessing the attractiveness of a woman's face. Various methods have been used to test the claim that facial symmetry plays a role in beauty assessment.
Blending various faces to create a composite mirror and half face is one of the techniques used. While studies using the first method yield results suggesting that more symmetrical faces are considered more attractive, studies applying the next method suggest that humans prefer a bit of asymmetry. Also research shows that the almost symmetrical face is considered very attractive compared to the asymmetrical, but more specifically, one tends to find an unattractive face if one has an unsymmetrical nose, and the symmetrical lip effect does not really affect the person in judging attractiveness.
The most striking direction of asymmetry is sometimes only temporary. For example, during a speech, most people (76%) tend to express larger motion amplitudes on the right side of their mouths. This is most likely due to the unbalanced forces of the contralateral nerve connection between the left hemisphere (linguistic localization) and the right side of the face.
Conclusions derived from facial reflection, however, have been questioned, for it has been shown that facial reflection creates artificial features. For example, if a person's nose is slightly bent to the right side, the reflection of the right side of the face will lead to a too big nose, while the reflection of the left side will lead to an unnatural little nose.
Evolutionary theorists in biology and psychology argue that a more symmetrical face is preferred because symmetry is a candid sign of possible superior genetic quality and developmental stability. However it is possible that high facial symmetry in an individual is not due to their superior genetics but due to a lack of exposure to stress during development. This potentially confusing source of facet symmetry is not explored in the literature. The idea that facial symmetry is viewed by humans as an indicator of 'good genes' is supported by experiments showing that a more symmetrical face is considered healthier than a less symmetrical face. For example, evidence has found that the assessment of the symmetry of a person's face is positively associated with their skin health assessment. In addition, asymmetry can fluctuate by increasing health challenges during growth. Consequently, phenotypic qualities and how well individual genomes can fight disease and uphold normal development can be demonstrated by symmetry. Furthermore, research shows that the asymmetry of facial fluctuations, asymmetric faces, can also be attributed to the psychological, emotional, and emotional distress of the individual.
In addition, current studies show that facial preference in adults can be predicted by the number of infections in childhood. People who experience more infections as children prefer a more characteristic and symmetrical face because the faces are healthy. Especially recent infections trigger this preference.
Facial symmetry is also a valid marker for cognitive aging. Progressive changes that occur throughout life in the facial soft tissues will lead to more prominent facial asymmetry on older faces. Therefore, the symmetrical transformation of older faces generally increases their attractiveness while symmetrical transformation in young adults and children will reduce their attractiveness. Men with more symmetrical faces in old age have higher intelligence and are more efficient in information processing than men with less symmetrical faces. This may be due to a better gene that leads to more resistance to stressors in life which is then reflected in the accumulation of less accumulating asymmetry.
The theory of attraction and non-scientific symmetry is abundant. The symmetry of each face is evaluated by the human brain through a facial recognition process. This quick and effective detection is difficult with a computer program. For example, faces that are considered to have a strong aesthetic appeal are faces where combined facial features are the same or appropriate, to some extent, in contrast. Likewise the shared features of echoes, proportions and similarities with people tied to early life (prime copulism) have been suggested as relevant.
Maps Facial symmetry
Relationships with personality
Research shows that facial symmetry is related to the 'big-five' personality model. The most consistent finding is that facial symmetry is positively correlated with extraversion, suggesting that individuals with more symmetrical faces are also more extroverted. A more symmetrical face is also rated lower in neuroticism but higher in consciousness and agreement. A more symmetrical face is also more likely to have the more desirable social attributes given to them, such as being sociable, intelligent or alive.
However, the relationship of facial symmetry and the 'big-five' personality model remains somewhat unclear with regard to neuroticism, openness, friendliness and thoroughness. While the study described earlier leads to the hope that a more symmetrical face will be higher in extraversion, openness, approval and precision, and lower in neuroticism, this expectation is not empirically confirmed. Openness and approval appear to be significantly negatively related to facial symmetry, while neuroticism and sincerity do not appear to be associated with facial symmetry. The relationship of facial symmetry and the 'big-five' personality model requires further examination to allow for a complete conclusion to be drawn.
Recent studies show a relationship of trust and with symmetry on the face. People biologically evolve to detect the intent of deceiving others by observing the asymmetry in the face. When people lie, their facial muscles become unbalanced.
The face of averageness vs. symmetry
According to the theory of sexual selection, facial symmetry plays a big role in what we perceive as attraction. However there is a question whether either symmetry change or the average course increase the facial appeal. Experiments show that symmetry and averageness make independent contributions to attraction, but when the contribution of symmetry is excluded, averageness remains a significant predictor of attractiveness. In addition, studies have shown that when one pair faces symmetry on average, the attractiveness rating increases, indicating these two influences are always attributed.
See also
- Beauty
- Symmetry in nature
- Natural patterns
- Physical attractiveness
References
Further reading
-
Fink, B.; Grammer, K.; Thornhill, R. (2001). "The appeal of human faces (Homo sapiens) in relation to texture and skin color". Journal of Comparative Psychology . 115 (1): 92-99. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.115.1.92. PMID 11334223. - Johnston, V.; Hagel, R.; Franklin, M.; Fink, B.; Grammer, K. (2001). "The attractiveness of a man's face: evidence for the design of hormon-mediated adaptation". Evolution and Human Behavior . 22 (4): 251. doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138 (01) 00066-6.
External links
- "Teeth, Beauty, Biology, and Health" - a classroom handout and facial symmetry at the College of Dentistry - Illinois University in Chicago.
- "Symmetry tool" - Symmetry gauge
- "Chimeric Face Experiment" - Perform facial symmetry and attraction experiments by uploading photos
- FaceResearch - An online study of facial symmetry by researchers affiliated with the University of Aberdeen (Scotland) School of Psychology, and St. University. Andrews (Scotland).
- "Facial symmetry plugin for GIMP" - Try experimenting with facial symmetry, using open source software.
- "[1]" - perfect symmetry
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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