The lemon , Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, is a small spruce species in the family of Rutaceae flowering plants, native to Asia.
The ellipsoidal yellow fruit of the tree is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes around the world, especially for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning uses. Porridge and skin (zest) are also used in cooking and grilling. Lemon juice is about 5% to 6% citric acid, with a pH of about 2.2, giving a sour taste. Typical acids from lemon juice make it the main ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie.
Video Lemon
Histori
The origin of lemons is unknown, though lemons are considered first grown in Assam (a region in northeastern India), northern Burma or China. A genomic study of lemon suggests it is a hybrid between bitter orange (citrus acid) and citron.
Lemons enter Europe near southern Italy no more than the second century, during Ancient Rome. However, they are not widely cultivated. They were then introduced to Persia and then to Iraq and Egypt around 700 AD. Lemon was first recorded in the literature in the 10th century Arabic treatise on agriculture, and is also used as an ornamental plant in early Islamic gardens. It is widely distributed throughout the Arab world and the Mediterranean region between 1000 and 1150.
The first European lemon cultivation began in Genoa in the mid-15th century. Lemon was later introduced to America in 1493 when Christopher Columbus brought the lemon seeds to Hispaniola on his journey. Spanish conquests around the New World helped spread the lemon seeds. It is mainly used as an ornamental plant and for medicines. In the 19th century, more and more lemons were grown in Florida and California.
In 1747, James Lind's experiment on sailors who suffered from the scabies involved involved adding lemon juice to their diet, although vitamin C was not yet known.
The word "lemon" may be the Middle East. The word is derived from Ancient French lemon , so the Italian limone , from Arabic laym? N or l? M? N , and from Persian l? m? n , the general term for citrus fruit, which is Sanskrit ( nimb? , "lime").
Maps Lemon
Varieties
'Bonnie Brae' is oval, smooth, thin, and seedless, mostly grown in San Diego County, USA.
The 'Eureka' is growing year round and plentiful. This is a common lemon supermarket, also known as 'Four Seasons' ( Quatre Saisons ) for its ability to produce fruit and flowers together throughout the year. This variety is also available as a crop for domestic customers. There is also a pink-fleshed Eureka lemon, with a green and yellow colored outer shell.
'Femminello St. Teresa ', or' Sorrento 'is a native of Italy. The spirit of this fruit is high in lemon oil. These are the traditional variations used in the manufacture of limoncello .
'Yen Ben' adalah kultivar Australasia.
Nilai gizi dan phytochemical
Lemon is a rich source of vitamin C, providing 64% of daily value in portions of 100 g (table). Other important nutrients, however, have insignificant content (tables).
Lemons contain many phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenes, and tannins. Lemon juice contains slightly more citric acid than lemon juice (about 47 g/l), nearly twice the citric acid from grapefruit juice, and about five times the amount of citric acid found in orange juice.
Culinary used
Lemon juice, leather, and leather are used in a variety of foods and beverages. All lemons are used to make jam, lemon curd and lemon liqueur. Lemon slices and lemon rind are used as decoration for food and beverages. Lemon rind, grated outer skin shell, is used to add flavor to baked goods, pudding, rice, and other dishes.
Juice
Lemon juice is used to make lemonade, soft drinks, and cocktails. It is used in spices for fish, where the acid neutralizes the amines in the fish by converting them into non-volatile ammonium salts, and meat, where the acid partially hydrolyzes the hard collagen fibers, softens the meat, but low pH alters the properties of proteins, causing them to dry when cooked. Lemon juice is often used in England to add to pancakes, especially on Shrove Tuesday.
Lemon juice is also used as a short-term preservative in certain foods that tend to oxidize and turn brown after slicing (enzymatic browning), such as apples, bananas, and avocados, in which the acid changes the nature of the enzyme.
Peel
In Morocco, lemons are preserved in a jar or salt barrel. Salt penetrates skin and skin, softens them, and heals them so they endure almost indefinitely. The preserved lemon is used in a variety of dishes. The preserved lemon can also be found in Sicilian, Italian, Greek and French dishes.
Leaves
Lemon tree leaves are used to make tea and prepare meat and seafood cooked.
Other uses
Industrial
Lemon is the main commercial source of citric acid prior to the development of a fermentation-based process.
As a cleaning agent
Lemon juice can be used for cleaning. A piece of lemon that is halved in salt or baking powder is used to brighten copper cookware. Acid dissolving stains and abrasives help with cleaning. As a kitchen sanitation deodorizer, juices can remove odors, remove fat, bleach stains, and disinfectants; when mixed with baking soda, it removes stains from plastic food storage containers. Oil from lemon peel also has various uses. It is used as a wood and polish cleaner, in which the solvent property is used to dissolve old candles, fingerprints, and impurities. Lemon oil and orange oil are also used as non-toxic insecticide treatment.
The halved lemon is used as a finger moisturizer for those who count large amounts of bills, such as cashiers and cashiers.
Medication
Lemon oil can be used in aromatherapy. The smell of lemon oil does not affect the human immune system, but it can contribute to relaxation.
More
One of the educational science experiments involved attaching electrodes to the lemons and using them as batteries to generate electricity. Although the power is very low, some lemon batteries can provide small digital clocks. This experiment also works with other fruits and vegetables.
Lemon juice can be used as a simple invisible ink, developed by heat.
Horticulture
Lemons require a minimum temperature of about 7 ° C (45 ° F), so they are not hard all year round in temperate climates, but become tougher as adults. Oranges need minimal pruning by trimming overcrowded branches, with the highest branches cut to encourage bushy growth. Throughout the summer, pinching back the most powerful growth tip ensures the development of a more abundant canopy. Since the mature plant can produce sprouts that grow quickly and undesirably called 'water buds', these buds are removed from the main branch at the bottom or middle of the plant.
In cultivation in England, cultivators of 'Meyer' and 'Variegata' have been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).
Production
By 2014, world production of lemon (data combined with limes) is 16.3 million tonnes. Top producers are India, Mexico, China, Argentina, and Brazil, collectively accounting for 59% of total production (table).
Lemon Alternatives
Many plants feel or smell like lemon.
- Certain cultivars of results
- Cymbopogon (lemons)
- Lemon balm, perennial herbs like mint in the Lamiaceae family
- Two fragrant geranium varieties: Pelargonium crispum (lemon geranium) and Pelargonium x melissinum (lemon balm)
- Lemon thyme
- verbose lemon
- Citrus, other citrus fruits, used in the same way as lemon
- Certain mint cultivators
- Magnolia grandiflora flower tree
Other oranges called 'lemon'
- Flakes of lemon, mandarin hybrids
- Meyer lemon, cross between citron and mandarin/pomelo hybrids that differ from sweet acids or oranges, is named after Frank N. Meyer, who first introduced it to the United States in 1908. Thin and slightly acidic skin rather than Fat Lisbon and Eureka , lemon Meyer needs more treatments during shipment and is not widely grown on a commercial basis. Lemon Meyer is often cooked in yellow-orange. They are a bit more tolerant of frost.
- Ponderosa lemon, colder-sensitive than true lemon, its fruit is thick and very large. Genetic analysis shows it as a complex hybrid of citron and pomelo.
- Rough lemon, east of citron-mandarin, cold and strongly used as a tangerine
- Sweet lemon or sweet lemon, mixed groups including lumia (lemon pear), limetta, and sweet orange Palestinians. Among them are Jaffa lemon, grapefruit orange hybrids.
- Manufactured lemon, like lime, cross of citron-mandarin
Gallery
Also see
- List of lemon dishes and drinks
- Food Portal
Reference
External links
- Data related to Citrus ÃÆ'â € "lemon on Wikispecies
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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