Calgary ( Ã, ( listen ) ) is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It lies at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in the foothills and grasslands, about 80 km (50 miles) east of the Canadian Rockies front range. The city is raising the southern edge of what Canadian Statistics calls "Calgary-Edmonton Corridor".
The city has a population of 1,239,220 in 2016, making it the largest city in Alberta and Canada's third largest city. Also by 2016, Calgary has a metropolitan population of 1,392,609, making it the fourth largest metropolitan census area (CMA) in Canada.
The Calgary economy includes activities in energy, financial services, film and television, transportation and logistics, technology, manufacturing, aerospace, health and welfare, retail, and tourism sectors. CMA Calgary is home to Canada's No. 2 highest corporate headquarters among the 800 largest companies in the country. As a result of the strong performing economy, especially during the oil boom period, Calgary holds many economic differences especially in categories related to personal wealth. By 2015, Calgary has the highest number of millionaires per capita in every major city in Canada.
In 1988, Calgary became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympics. Calgary has been consistently recognized for its high quality of life. Economist Intelligence Unit analysts have placed Calgary as the 5th most comfortable inhabited city in the world by 2017 for 8 years in a row.
Video Calgary
Etymology
Calgary is named after Calgary on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. In turn, this name comes from the compound kald and gart , similar Old Norse words, meaning "cold" and "garden", probably used when named by the Vikings who inhabit the Inner Hebrides. Or, its name may be Gaelic Cala ghearraidh , meaning "prairie coast (prairie)", or Gaelic for "clear water" or "bay farm".
Prior to contact, the native of Southern Alberta referred to the Calgary area as "elbow", referring to the sharp curves made by the Bow River and the Elbow River. In some cases, the area is named after a reed that grows along the riverbank, which is used for the fashion arc. In Blackfoot (SiksikÃÆ'¡), the area is known as MohkÃÆ'nstsis akÃÆ'¡piyoyis, meaning "the elbow of many houses", reflecting the presence of a strong settler. A shorter form of the name Blackfoot, MohkÃÆ'nstsis , which means "elbow", has become a popular "native" term for the Calgary region. In the language of Stoney (Nakoda), the area is known as Wincheesh-pah or Wenchi Ispase , both of which mean "elbow". In Cree, the area is known as Otoskwanik which means "house at the elbow" or Otoskwunee which means "elbow". In Sarcee (Tsuut'ina), the area is known as KootsisÃÆ'¡w which means "elbow". In Slavey, the area is known as Klincho-tinay-indihay, meaning "many horse towns", referring to the Calgary Stampede and the legacy of the city's settlers.
There have been several attempts to revive the native names of Calgary. In response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the local post-secondary institution has adopted the "official recognition" of the adat territory under the Blackfoot name of the City, MohkÃÆ'nstsis. In 2017, Stoney Nakoda sent an application to the Government of Alberta, to change the name of Calgary as Wichispa Oyade meaning "city elbow", but this has been challenged by Piikani Blackfoot.
Maps Calgary
History
Initial history
The Calgary area is populated by pre-Clovis people whose existence has been traced for at least 11,000 years. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area was populated by Blackfoot, Blood, Peigan and Tsuu T'ina First Nations people, all of whom were part of the Blackfoot Confederation. In 1787, cartographer David Thompson spent the winter with a group of Peigan camped along the Bow River. He is a trader of Hudson's Bay Company and the first recorded European to visit the area. John Glenn was the first documented European immigrant in the Calgary area, in 1873.
In 1875, the site became a Northwest Territory Police post (now the Canada Mounted Police or RCMP). The NWMP detachment is assigned to protect the western plains of US whiskey vendors, and to protect the fur trade. Originally named Fort Brisebois, after NWMP officers ÃÆ' â € ° phrem-A. Brisebois, whose name was changed to Fort Calgary in 1876 by Colonel James Macleod.
When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1883, and a train station was built, Calgary began to grow into an important commercial and agricultural center. Over a century later, the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters moved to Calgary from Montreal in 1996. Calgary was officially established as a city in 1884, and chose its first mayor, George Murdoch. In 1894, it was incorporated as the "City of Calgary" in what later became the North-West Region. The Calgary Police Service was founded in 1885 and assumed the municipality, the local tasks of the NWMP.
The Calgary Fire of 1886 occurred on November 7, 1886. Fourteen buildings were destroyed with an estimated loss of $ 103,200. Though no one was killed or wounded, city officials drafted a law requiring all major downtown buildings to be built with Paskapoo sandstone, to prevent this from happening again.
Upon arrival of the railway, the Dominion Government starts leasing grazing land for a minimal fee (up to 100,000 hectares (400 km 2 ) for one cent per acre per year). As a result of this policy, large farm operations were established in a remote country near Calgary. As a transportation and distribution hub, Calgary quickly became the center of Canada's meat marketing and packaging industry.
At the end of the 19th century, Hudson Bay Company (HBC) expanded inland and established posts along the river that later developed into the modern cities of Winnipeg, Calgary and Edmonton. In 1884, HBC set up a sales shop in Calgary. HBC also built the first of the first six "original six" department stores in Calgary in 1913, others followed by Edmonton, Vancouver, Victoria, Saskatoon and Winnipeg.
Modern history (1900-present)
Between 1896 and 1914 settlers from around the world poured into the area in response to the offer of free "homestead" land. Agriculture and livestock are key components of the local economy, shaping the future of Calgary for years to come. The world-renowned Calgary Stampede, still held annually in July, was started by four rich farmers as a small farming show in 1912. It is now known as "the largest outdoor show in the world".
Oil was first discovered in Alberta in 1902, but it did not become a significant industry in the province until 1947 when its reserves were found near Leduc. Calgary quickly found himself in the middle of the next oil boom. The city economy grew when oil prices rose with the 1973 Arab oil embargo. The population increased 272,000 in eighteen years between 1971 (403,000) and 1989 (675,000) and 345,000 in the next eighteen years (to 1.020,000 in 2007). During the boom years, skyscrapers were built and the relatively low city center quickly became densely packed with tall buildings.
The Calgary economy is so closely linked to the oil industry that the city boom culminated with the average annual oil price in 1981. The subsequent decline in oil prices was cited by the industry as the reason for the collapse of the oil industry and consequently the Calgary economy as a whole. Low oil prices prevented a full recovery until the 1990s.
With the energy sector employing large numbers of Calgarians, the downfall of the economic downturn in the early 1980s was significant, and the unemployment rate soared. However, by the end of the decade, the economy is in recovery. Calgary quickly realized that they could not put too much emphasis on oil and gas, and from then on the city became much more diverse, both economically and culturally. This period during the recession marked the Calgary transition from a moderately medium-sized, relatively unconventional town to a large, cosmopolitan and diverse center. This transition peaked in the city that hosted the first Winter Olympics in Canada in 1988. The success of this Game basically put this city on the world stage.
Partly thanks to rising oil prices, the economy in Calgary and Alberta is booming until the end of 2009, and the region of nearly 1.1 million people is home to the fastest growing economy in the country. While the oil and gas industry is an important part of the economy, the city has invested heavily in other areas such as tourism and high-tech manufacturing. More than 3.1 million people now visit this city every year due to the many festivals and attractions, especially the Calgary Stampede. The nearby mountain resort towns of Banff, Lake Louise and Canmore are also becoming increasingly popular with tourists, and bring people to Calgary as a result. Other modern industries include light manufacturing, high technology, film, e-commerce, transportation, and services.
The widespread flooding across southern Alberta, including the Bow and Elbow Rivers, forced the evacuation of more than 75,000 city dwellers on June 21, 2013, and left large areas of the city, including the city center, without electricity.
Geography
Calgary is located in a transition zone between the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains and Canadian Prairies. It is located in the foothills of the Parkland Natural Region and the Grasslands Natural Region. Downtown Calgary is about 1,042.4 m (3,420 ft) above sea level, and the airport is 1,076 m (3,531 ft). In 2011, the city covered an area of ​​825.29 km 2 (318.65 sqÃ, mi).
Two rivers flow through the city. The Bow River is larger and flows from west to south. The Elbow River flows north from the south until it blends with the Bow River on the historic Fort Calgary site near the city center. Since the climate in this region is generally dry, dense vegetation occurs naturally only in river basins, on some north-facing slopes, and in Fish Creek Provincial Park.
The city of Calgary, 848 km 2 (327 sqÃ, mi) in size, consists of an inner city surrounded by suburban communities of varying density. The city was soon surrounded by two city districts - City District at the foot of the hill. 31 in the south and Rocky View County to the north, west and east. The nearest urban community outside the city in the Calgary Region includes: Airdrie City to the north; Chestermere Town, Strathmore Town and Langdon Village to the east; the town of Okotoks and the High River to the south; and Cochrane City to the northwest. Many rural subdivisions are located in the Elbow Valley, Springbank, and Bearspaw regions in the west and northwest. Tsuu T'ina Nation Indian Reserve No. 145 bordered by Calgary in the southwest.
Over the years, the city has made a lot of land annexation to facilitate growth. In the recent annexation of land from Rocky View County, completed in July 2007, the town annexed Shepard, a former hamlet, and placed its border adjacent to the Balzac Hamlet and Chestermere City, and very close to Airdrie City.
Flora and fauna
Many species of plants and animals are found in and around Calgary. Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. Nearby Areas
The downtown area consists of five neighborhoods: Eau Claire (including Festival District), Downtown West End, Downtown Commercial Core, Chinatown, and Downtown East Village (also part of the Rivers District). The commercial core itself is divided into several districts including Stephen Avenue Retail Core, Entertainment District, Arts District and District Government. Different from downtown and south of 9th Avenue is the shortest neighborhood in Calgary, Beltline. The area includes a number of communities such as Connaught, Victoria Crossing, and part of the Rivers District. Beltline is the focus of major planning and rejuvenation initiatives on the part of city government to increase the density and liveliness of downtown Calgary.
Adjacent to, or directly radiating from the city center is the first of the inner city community. These include Crescent Heights, Hounsfield Heights/Briar Hill, Hillhurst/Sunnyside (including Kensington BRZ), Bridgeland, Renfrew, Mount Royal, Scarboro, Sunalta, Mission, Ramsay and Inglewood and Albert Park/Radisson Heights directly to the east. The inner city, in turn, is surrounded by relatively dense and established environments such as Rosedale and Mount Pleasant in the north; Bowness, Parkdale and Glendale to the west; Park Hill, South Calgary (including Marda Loop), Bankview, Altadore, and Killarney to the south; and Forest Lawn/International Avenue to the east. Being out of this, and usually separated from each other by the highway, is a suburban community including Evergreen, Somerset, Auburn Bay Country Hills, Sundance, Riverbend, and McKenzie Towne. Overall, there are over 180 different neighborhoods within the city limits.
Some of Calgary's neighborhoods were originally separate municipalities annexed by the city as it grew. These include Bowness, Montgomery, and Forest Lawn.
Climate
Calgary experiences a humid continental climate (climatic classification KÃÆ'¶ppen Dfb ). It falls into the NRC Plant Hardiness Zone 4a. According to Environment Canada, average daily temperatures in Calgary range from 16.5 ° C (61.7 ° F) in July to -6.8 ° C (19.8 ° F) in December.
Winter is cold and temperatures can drop to or below -20 ° C (-4 ° F) on average 22 days of the year and -30 ° C (-22 ° F) averaging 3.7 day of the year, and is often broken down by the warm and dry Chinook wind that rammed Alberta over the mountain. This wind can raise winter temperatures by 20 ° C (36 ° F), and as much as 30 ° C (54 ° F) in just a few hours, and may take several days. In addition, the proximity of Calgary with the Rocky Mountains affects the average temperature of the winter average temperature with the lowest and highest mix, and tends to produce a cool winter for a city in Prairie Province. Temperature is also influenced by the cold wind factor, Calgary's average wind speed is 14.2 km/h, one of the highest in Canadian cities.
In summer, daytime temperatures can exceed 30 ° C (86 ° F) on average 5.1 days any time in June, July and August, and sometimes until late September or early May, and in season cold down below or at - 30 ° C (-22 ° F) 3.7 days in a year. As a consequence of altitude and high altitude in Calgary, summer nights tend to cool, with monthly averages below 10 ° C (50 ° F) during the summer months.
Calgary has the brightest day of the year in 100 of Canada's largest cities, with more than 332 solar days; It has an average of 2,396 hours of sunshine each year. With an average relative humidity of 55% in winter and 45% in summer (15:00 MST),
Calgary International Airport in the northeastern part of the city receives an average of 418.8 mm (16.49 inches) of rainfall annually, with 326.4 mm (12.85 inches) of rainfall, and 129 cm (51 inch). ) like snow. The most rainfall occurred in June and the most snowfall in March. Calgary also records snow every month of the year. This rarely happens in July, but is unheard of. The last important event was on July 15, 1999.
Lightning can be frequent and severe several times with most occur in summer. Calgary is located within Alberta's Hailstorm Alley and prone to damaging snow storms every few years. The hail that hit Calgary on September 7, 1991, is one of the most devastating natural disasters in Canadian history, with damage of more than $ 400 million. Being on the west of the dry line on many occasions, tornadoes are rare in this region.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Calgary was 36.1 ° C (97 ° F) on July 15, 1919, and July 25, 1933. The coldest temperatures ever recorded were -45.0 ° C (-49 ° F ) on 4 February 1893.
Demographics
The population of Calgary City according to the 2017 city census was 1,246,337, a 0.9% change of the 2016 census population of 1,235,171.
In the 2016 Population Census conducted by Statistics Canada, the city of Calgary recorded a population of 1,239,220 living in 466,725 of 489,650 total private homes, a change of 13% of the 2011 population of 1,096,833. With a land area of ​​825.56 km 2 (318.75 sqÃ, mi), it has a population density of 1,501.1 km/km 2 (3,887.7/sqÃ, mi) in 2016 Calgary ranks 1st among three Canadian cities that see their population grow by more than 100,000 people between 2011 and 2016. During this time, Calgary saw a population growth of 142,387 people, followed by Edmonton on 120,345 people and Toronto on 116,511 people.
In the 2011 Census, the City of Calgary has a population of 1,096,833 living in 423,417 of its 445,848 residence, a change of 10.9% of the adjusted population in 2006 of 988,812. With a land area of ​​825.29 km 2 (318.65 sqÃ, mi), it has a population density of 1,329.0/km 2 (3,442.2/sqÃ, mi) in 2011. According to the 2011 Census Statistics 2011, people aged 14 and under comprise 17.9% of the population, and those aged 65 and older comprise 9.95%. The median age was 36.4 years. In 2011, the city's gender population was 49.9% male and 50.1% female.
The Calgary census metropolitan region (CMA) is Canada's fifth largest CMA and largest in Alberta. It has a population of 1,214,839 in the 2011 Census as compared to the 2006 population of 1,079,310. The five-year population change of 12.6 percent was the highest among all CMA in Canada between 2006 and 2011. With a land area of ​​5,107.55 km 2 (1,972.04 sqÃ, mi), CMA Calgary has a population density of 237.9/km 2 (616.0/sqÃ, mi) in 2011. Canada's latest estimate of the CMA Calgary population, as of July 1, 2013, is 1,364,827. The population within an hour mileage of the city is 1,511,755.
As a consequence of a large number of companies, as well as the presence of the energy sector in Alberta, Calgary has an average family income of $ 104,530.
Christians make up 54.9% of the population, while 32.3% have no religious affiliation. Other religions in the city are Muslim (5.2%), Sikh (2.6%) and Buddhist (2.1%). St. Anthony's Cathedral Her Mary is a sight of Roman Catholic Diocese in Calgary. There is also Anglican Diocese in Calgary.
Ethnicity
By 2016, 36.2% of the population belongs to a visible minority. From Canada's largest cities, Calgary ranks fourth in visible minority proportions, behind Toronto, Vancouver and Winnipeg. Among the immigrants who arrived in Calgary between 2001 and 2006, 78% belonged to a visible minority group. South Asians (mainly from India or Pakistan) make up the largest group (7.5%), followed by China (6.8%). There are over 200 different ethnic origins in Calgary, the most commonly reported being English, Scottish, Canadian, German and Irish.
Economy
Calgary is recognized as a Canadian leader in the oil and gas industry as well as a leader in economic expansion. High personal and family income, low unemployment and high per capita GDP all benefit from increased sales and prices due to resource explosions, and increased economic diversification.
The benefits of Calgary from the relatively strong labor market in Alberta, are part of the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor, one of the fastest growing regions in the country. It is the headquarters for many major oil and gas-related companies, and many financial services businesses are growing around them. Small businesses and entrepreneurial levels are also among the highest in Canada. It is also a distribution and transportation center with high retail sales.
The Calgary economy is increasingly dominated by the oil and gas industry, although it is still the largest contributor to the city's GDP. In 2006, Calgary's real GDP (in constant 1997 dollars) was C $ 52.386 billion, in which oil, gas and mining accounted for 12%. Larger oil and gas companies are BP Canada, Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Cenovus Energy, Encana, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Shell Canada, Husky Energy, TransCanada, and Nexen, making the city home to 87% of oil and natural gas Canada. producers and 66% of coal producers.
In November 2016, the city had a workforce of 901,700 (a participation rate of 74.6%) and a 10.3% unemployment rate. In 2006, the unemployment rate was among the lowest in major Canadian cities of 3.2%, leading to a shortage of skilled and unskilled workers.
In 2010 the Industry "Professional, Technical, and Management" accounted for over 14% of the work and field "Service Architecture, Engineering and Design" and "Management, Scientific and Technical" work levels far exceeding the Canadian level. Although Trade employs 14.7% of the workforce, the percentage of total employment is not higher than the Canadian average. The employment rate in Construction is both quite high, exceeding Canada's average, and has grown 16% between 2006 and 2010. Health and Welfare Services, which account for 10% of jobs, have grown 20% during the period.
In 2006, the top three private sector employers in Calgary were Shaw Communications (7,500 employees), Nova Chemicals (4,945) and Telus (4,517). Companies that occupy the top ten positions are Mark's Work Wearhouse, Calgary Co-op, Nexen, Canadian Pacific Railway, CNRL, Shell Canada and Dow Chemical Canada. The top public sector employers in 2006 were the Calgary Zone of Alberta Health Services (22,000), the City of Calgary (12.296) and the Calgary Education Board (8,000). Public sector entrepreneurs who complete the top five are the University of Calgary and the Victoria Catholic Youth School Division of Canada.
In Canada, Calgary has the second highest headquarters in Canada (behind Toronto), headquarters at most per capita, and highest per capita headquarters income. Several major companies with Calgary headquarters include Canada Safeway Limited, Westfair Foods Ltd., Suncor Energy, Agrium, Flint Energy Services Ltd., Shaw Communication, and Canadian Pacific Railway. CPR moved its headquarters from Montreal in 1996 and Imperial Oil moved from Toronto in 2005. The new 58-storey EnCana headquarters, Bow, became the tallest building in Canada outside Toronto. In 2001, the city became the headquarters of the company TSX Venture Exchange.
WestJet is headquartered near Calgary International Airport, and Enerjet has its headquarters in the airport grounds. Prior to their dissolution, Canadian Airlines and its subsidiary Air Canada, Zip were also headquartered near the city airport. Although its main office is now based in Yellowknife, Northern Canada, purchased from Canadian Airlines in September 1998, it still maintains its operations and charter office in Calgary.
According to a report by Alexi Olcheski of Avison Young published in August 2015, the vacancy rate rose to 11.5 percent in the second quarter of 2015 from 8.3 percent in 2014. The office space of an oil and gas company in downtown Calgary leased 40 percent of their vacancies as a whole. H & amp; R Real Estate Investment Trust, which has 58-storey 58,000 square meters of Bow Tower claims the building was fully leased. Tenants like Suncor "have let staff and contractors go in response to the decline".
Art and culture
Calgary has a number of multicultural areas. Forest Lawn is one of the most diverse areas of the city and thus, the area around 17 Avenue SE in this neighborhood is also known as International Avenue. This district is home to many ethnic restaurants and shops. Calgary is designated as one of Canada's cultural capitals by 2012.
While many Calgari people continue to live in the suburbs, more central districts such as 17 Avenue, Kensington, Inglewood, Forest Lawn, Marda Loop and Mission District have become more popular and the density in these areas has increased. The nightlife and the availability of cultural venues in these areas gradually began to develop as a result.
The Calgary Public Library is a city public library network, with 20 branches borrowing books, e-books, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray, audiobooks, and more. By loan, the library is Canada's second largest, and the sixth largest city library system in North America. Calgary's 240,000 square meter Calgary Library is under construction at East Village Calgary, and is expected to open on 1 November 2018.
Calgary is home to the Jubilee Southern Alberta Auditorium featuring arts, cultural and community facilities. This auditorium is one of two "twin" facilities in the province, the other located in Edmonton, each locally known as "Jube". The 2,538 seat auditorium was opened in 1957 and has hosted hundreds of musical, theater, stage and local Broadway productions. The Calgary Jube is the home of the Alberta Ballet Company, the Calgary Opera, the Kiwanis Music Festival, and the annual annual Remembrance Day ceremony. Both auditoriums operate 365 days a year, and are run by the provincial government. Both received major renovations as part of the provincial centenary in 2005.
The Alberta Ballet is Canada's third largest dance company. Under the artistic direction of Jean Grand-MaÃÆ'®tre, the Alberta Ballet is at the forefront both at home and internationally. The dance company has developed a distinctive repertoire and a high level of performance. Jean Grand-MaÃÆ'®tre has become famous for his successful collaborations with pop artists such as Joni Mitchell, Elton John, and Sarah McLachlan. The Alberta Ballet is at Nat Christie Center.
The city is also home to a number of theater companies; among them is the One Rabbit Yellow, which shares the Arts Commons building with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, as well as the Calgary Theater, the Alberta Theater Project and the GRAND Junction Theater, a cultural home dedicated to the art of contemporary living. Calgary is also the birthplace of an improvised theater game known as Theatresports. The Calgary International Film Festival is also held annually, as well as the International Festival of Animated Objects.
Every three years, Calgary hosts the Honens International Piano Competition (formerly known as the Esther Honens International Piano Competition). The finalists of the competition perform a piano concert with the Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra; award recipients are awarded cash prizes (currently $ 100,000.00 CDN, the biggest cash prize of any international piano competition), and a three-year career development program. The Honens is an integral component of the world of classical music in Calgary.
Visual and conceptual artists such as the American Congress are collectively active art in the city. There are a number of art galleries downtown along Stephen Avenue; SoDo Design District (South City Center); corridor 17th Avenue; and the Inglewood neighborhood, including the Esker Foundation. Calgary is also home to the Alberta College of Art and Design.
A number of marching bands are based in Calgary. They included the Calgary Round-Up Band, the Calgary Stetson Show Band, the Bishop of Grandin Marching Ghosts, and the five-time World Association for the Marching Show Bands champions, the Calgary Stampede Showband, as well as the military bands including Hackel Tecumseh Band, King's Calgary Regiment Band, and Regression Pipe and Drum from The Calgary Highlanders. There are many other civil plumbing bands in town, especially the Calgary Police Band Pipeline Service.
Calgary is also home to the choral music community, including various amateur, community, and semi-professional groups. Some of the mainstays include the Royal Mountain Choir from the Conservatory of Mount Royal University, Calgary Children's Choir, Calgary Girl Choirs, Young Singers in Calgary, Choirs of Cantarese Children, and Spiritus Room Choirs.
Calgary hosts a number of annual festivals and events. These include the Calgary International Film Festival, the Calgary Folk Music Festival, the Calgary Fun Comedy Festival, the Sled Island music festival, Beakerhead art, science and engineering festivals, the Folk Music Festival, the Greek festival, Carifest, Wordfest, Lilac Festival, GlobalFest, Otafest, and Entertainment Calgary, FallCon, Calgary Fringe Festival, Summerstock, Latino Expo, Calgary Pride, Calgary International Words Festival, and many other cultural and ethnic festivals. The most famous event in Calgary is the Calgary Stampede, which has been happening every July since 1912. It is one of Canada's largest festivals, with a 2005 presence of 1,242,928 on 10-day rodeos and exhibitions.
Some museums are in town. The Glenbow Museum is the largest in Western Canada and includes the First Nations gallery of art and galleries. Other major museums include the Chinese Cultural Center (at 70,000 sqÃ, ft (6,500 m 2 ), Canada's largest cultural center), Canada's Sports Hall of Fame (at Canada Olympic Park), Military Museum, National Music Center, and Hanger Aviation Museum.
Many films have been taken in Calgary and the area. Famous films taken in and around town include: Jesse James's Murder, Brokeback Mountain, Dance with Wolf, Doctor Zhivago, Inception, Legends of the Fall, Unforgiven and The Revenant.
The Calgary Herald and Calgary Sun are the main newspapers in Calgary. Global television networks, City, CTV and CBC have local studios in town.
Attractions
The city center has an eclectic mix of restaurants and bars, cultural venues, public squares (including Olympic Plaza) and shopping. Notable shopping areas include such as The Core Shopping Center (formerly Calgary Eaton Center/TD Square), Stephen Avenue and Eau Claire Market. The downtown attractions include Calgary Zoo, Telus Spark, Telus Convention Center, Chinatown district, Glenbow Museum, Calgary Tower, Calgary Art Gallery (AGC), Military Museum and EPCOR Performing Arts Center. Spanning 1.0 hectares (2.5 acres), Devonian Gardens is one of the largest urban indoor parks in the world, and is located on the 4th floor of The Core Shopping Center (above shopping). The downtown area is also home to Prince's Island Park, a city park located north of the Eau Claire district. Directly to the south of downtown is Midtown and Beltline. This area quickly became one of the most densely populated and most active districts in the city. In the center of the district is the popular 17th Avenue , which is known for its many bars and nightclubs, restaurants and shopping. During the Calgary Stanley Flames Cup run in 2004, 17th Avenue was frequented by over 50,000 fans and supporters per night of the match. The concentration of fans wearing red shirts leads to a street playoff moniker, "Red Mile". The city center is easily accessible using the city's C-Train light rail transit system (LRT).
Attractions on the west side of the city include the Heritage Park Historical Village historic park, which depicts life in pre-1914 Alberta and features historic vehicles that function like steam trains, paddle steamers and electric trams. The village itself consists of a mixture of replica buildings and historic structures that are relocated from southern Alberta. Other major cities include Canada Olympic Park, featuring Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, and Spruce Meadows. In addition to the many shopping areas in the city center, there are a number of suburban shopping complexes in the city. Among the largest are the Chinook Center and Southcentre Mall in the south, Westhills and Signal Hill to the southwest, the South Trail Crossing and Deerfoot Meadows to the southeast, the Market Mall to the northwest, the Sunridge Mall to the northeast, and the newly built CrossIron Mills just north Calgary city limits, and south of Airdrie City.
Near Airdrie in Calgary/Airdrie Airport the Airdrie Regional Airshow is held every two years. In 2011, the air show featured Canadian Snowbirds, a CF-18 demo and the United States F-16 Air Force.
Tallest building
The city center can be recognized by many skyscrapers. Some of these structures, such as the Calgary Tower and Scotiabank Saddledome are unique enough to be a symbol of Calgary. Office buildings tend to be concentrated within the commercial core, while residential towers are most common in Downtown West End and Beltline, south of downtown. These buildings are the iconography of the explosion and the statue of the city, and it is easy to recognize the various phases of development that have shaped the city center's image. The first skyscraper explosion occurred during the late 1950s and continued into the 1970s. After 1980, during the recession, many high-rise construction projects were soon stopped. Only in the late 1980s and until the early 1990s major construction began again, started by the 1988 Winter Olympics and stimulated by economic growth.
In total, there are 14 office towers that are at least 150 m (490 ft) (usually about 40 floors) or higher. The highest of which is Brookfield Place, which is the highest office tower in Canada outside Toronto. The Tower of the Calgary Tower Banker is also the tallest twin towers in Canada. In 2008, there were 264 completed high-rise buildings, with 42 more under construction, 13 others approved for construction and another 63 proposed.
Sports and leisure
In Calgary there are about 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) of parks available for general use and recreation. These parks include Fish Creek Provincial Park, Inglewood Bird Sanctuary, Bowness Park, Edworthy Park, Confederate Park, Prince Island Park, Nose Hill Park and Central Memorial Park. Nose Hill Park is one of Canada's largest urban parks in 1,129 ha (2,790 hectares). The park has undergone a revitalization plan that began in 2006. The tracking system is currently undergoing rehabilitation in accordance with this plan. The oldest park in Calgary, Central Memorial Park, dates from 1911. Similar to Nose Hill Park, the revitalization also took place at Central Memorial Park in 2008-2009 and reopened to the public in 2010 while maintaining the Victorian style. The 800 km (500 mi) line system connects these parks and various environments. Calgary also has several private sports clubs including Glencoe Club and Calgary Winter Club.
In large part due to its proximity to the Rocky Mountains, Calgary has traditionally been a popular destination for winter sports. Since hosting the 1988 Winter Olympics, the city has also housed major winter sports facilities such as the Canadian Olympic Park (bobsleigh, luge, cross-country skiing, ski jumps, ski slopes, snowboarding and some summer sports) and Olympic Oval (speed skating and hockey). This facility serves as the premier training ground for a number of competitive athletes. Also, Canada Olympic Park serves as a mountain biking path in the summer months.
In the summer, the Bow River is very popular among fly fishermen. Golf is also a very popular activity for Calgarians and the region has a large number of courses.
Calgary hosted the 2009 World Water Skiing Championship Festival in August, at the Predator Bay Water Ski Club, about 40 km (25 mi) south of the city.
As part of the wider Battle of Alberta, the city's sports team enjoys popular competition with their Edmonton counterparts, particularly the rivalry between the Calgary Flames and the Calgary Oilers, as well as the Calgary and Edmonton Eskimo Stampeders.
Calgary is famous for its professional wrestling tradition as the hometown of Hart's famous wrestling family and the famous Hart family location "Dungeon", where the WWE Hall of Fame member and patriarch of Hart Family, train many professional wrestlers including Superstar Billy Graham, Brian Pillman, British Bulldogs , Edge, Christian, Greg Valentine, Chris Jericho, Jushin Thunder Liger and more. Also among the trainees were Hart's own family members, including the WWE Hall of Fame members and former WWE champion Bret Hart and his brother, WWF King of the Ring in 1994, Owen Hart.
In 1997, Calgary hosted The World Police & amp; Fire Games hosts more than 16,000 athletes from around the world.
Government
This city is a center of corporate power, a high percentage of the workforce used in white-collar jobs. The high concentrations of oil and gas companies led to the emergence of the Progressive Conservative Party of Peter Lougheed in 1971. However, as the Calgary population has increased, so has its political diversity.
City politics
Calgary is governed in accordance with the Alberta Municipal Government Act (1995). Calgarian elects 14 ward councilors and a mayor to the Calgary City Council every four years. Naheed Nenshi is the first elected mayor in the 2010 city elections. Naheed Nenshi is re-elected in 2013 and 2017.
Three school boards operate independently of each other in Calgary, public, separate systems (catholic) and francophone. Both public and separate boards have 7 elected trustees representing 2 of the 14 neighborhoods. The School Boards are considered part of urban politics in Calgary because they were elected at the same time as the City Council.
Provincial politics
As a result of 2015 provincial elections, Calgary is represented by twenty-five MLAs, including fifteen New Democrats, seven Progressive Conservatives, and one member each from the Wildrose Party, the Alberta Party and the Alberta Liberal Party. During this election, the Alberta Party won the seat for the first time, with MLA Greg Clark on the Calgary-Elbow ride. The Progressive Conservative Party has the most losses, losing the 13 previously held seats.
Federal politics
On October 19, 2015, Calgary selected the first two Liberal federal parliamentarians since 1968, Darshan Kang for Calgary Skyview and Kent Hehr for the Calgary Center. The remaining MPs are members of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). Prior to 2015, the Liberals chose only three MPs from exile in Calgary throughout their history - Manley Edwards (1940-1945), Harry Hays (1963-1965) and Pat Mahoney (1968-1972).
Federal Heritage Calgary Heritage is held by former Prime Minister and CPK leader Stephen Harper. The chair is also held by Preston Manning, leader of the Canadian Reform Party; it was known as Calgary Southwest at the time. Harper is the second Prime Minister to represent a Calgary riding; the first was RB Bennett of Calgary West, who held the position from 1930 to 1935. Joe Clark, former Prime Minister and former leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (also a precursor of the CPC), traveled to the Calgary Center for the second time in Parliament from 2000 until 2004.
The Canadian Green Party has also made a breakthrough in Calgary, exemplified by the 2011 federal election results where they accounted for 7.7% of the vote across the city, ranging from 4.7% in Calgary Northeast to 13.1% in the Calgary-North Center.
Crime
The Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) has a crime severity index of 60.4 in 2013, which is lower than the national average of 68.7. A small proportion of other CMAs in Canada have an index of crime severity greater than that of Calgary 60.4. Calgary has the sixth murder case in 2013 at 24.
Military
The presence of the Canadian military has been a part of the local economy and culture since the early years of the 20th century, beginning with the assignment of the Strathcona Horse squadron. After many unsuccessful attempts to create its own city unit, the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles) was finally ratified on April 1, 1910. The Canadian Forces (CFB) base was established as Currie Barracks and Harvie Barracks after the Second World War. The base remained the most significant National Department of Defense (DND) institution in the city until it was deactivated in 1998, when most units moved to Edmonton CFB. Despite this closure there are still a number of Canadian Reserves units, and cadet units are housed throughout the city. They belong to the Naval Reserve HMCS Tecumseh Naval Reserve unit, The King's Own Calgary Regiment, The Calgary Highlanders, both headquartered at Mewata Armouries, 746 Communication Squadron, 41 Canadian Brigade Group, headquartered in former Calgary CFB locations, 14 (Calgary ) Battalion Department, 15 (Edmonton) Calgary Ambulance Detachment Field, 14 (Edmonton) Calgary Platinum Police, 41 detachment Combat Engineer Calgary Regiment (33 Engineer Squadron), along with a small cadre of Regular Force support. Some units have been awarded Freedom of the City.
The Calgary Soldiers' Memorial commemorates those who died during wartime or while serving overseas. Along with those coming from the unit currently stationed in Calgary, it represents the 10th Battalion, CEF and 50th Battalion, CEF of the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Calgary International Airport (YYC), in the northeast of this city, is a transportation hub for most of central and western Canada. In 2013 it is the third busiest in Canada by the passenger movement, and the third busiest by aircraft movements, is the main cargo center, and is a staging point for people destined for Banff National Park. Non-stop destinations cover cities across Canada, the United States, Europe, Central America, and Asia. Calgary/Springbank Airport, the eleventh in Canada, serves as busting for Calgary International taking on general aviation traffic and is also a base for air firefighters.
The presence of Calgary on the Trans-Canada Highway and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) main line (which includes CPR Alyth Yard) also makes it an important center for freight forwarding. Rocky Mountaineer and Royal Canadian Pacific operate a train service to Calgary; Via Rail no longer provides intercity rail services to Calgary since the company stopped the Continental Super through Edmonton in 1990 and then changed the Canadian route from Calgary to serve Edmonton.
Many of Calgary's road networks are in a network where roads are numbered with roads leading east-west and north-south roads. Until 1904 the streets were named; after that date, all roads are numbered radiating out from downtown. Roads in most residential areas as well as highways and highways generally do not correspond to the grid and are usually not numbered as a result. However, it is a city developer and convention in Calgary that non-numbered streets in the new community have the same name prefix with the community itself so the streets can more easily be within the city.
Calgary Transit provides public transportation services throughout the city by bus and light rail. The Calgary light rail system, known as C-Train, is one of the first systems in North America (behind Edmonton LRT). It consists of four lines (two routes) and 44 stations on 58.2 km (36.2 mi) of track. Calgary LRT is one of the busiest on the continent that carries 270,000 passengers per weekday and about half of Calgary city center workers take transit to work. C-Train is also the first and only LRT in North America that can operate with 100% renewable energy.
As an alternative to more than 260 km (160 miles) of bikeways together on the streets, the city has a multi-use network (bicycle, walking, rollerboards, etc.) lines that stretch over 635 km (395 mi). The Peace Bridge provides pedestrians and cyclists, access to the city center from the north side of the Bow river. The bridge is among the top 10 architectural projects in 2012 and among the top 10 public spaces in 2012.
In 1960, Calgary began to develop a series of pedestrian bridges, connecting many buildings in the city center. To connect many office buildings in the city center, the city also boasts the world's largest skywalk network (elevated pedestrian bridge), officially called 15. The name comes from the fact that the bridge is usually 15Ã, ft (4.6 m) above ground.
Health care
- Medical center and hospital
Calgary has four major adult acute care hospitals and one major acute pediatric care site: Children's Hospital of Alberta, Foothills Health Center, Peter Lougheed Center, Rockyview General Hospital and South Health Campus. They are all overseen by the Calgary Zone of Alberta Health Services, formerly the Calgary Health Area. Calgary is also home to the Tom Baker Cancer Center (located at the Foothills Health Center), the Grace Women's Health Center, which provides a variety of treatments, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute. In addition, the Sheldon M. Chumir Center (a large 24-hour assessment clinic), and Richmond Center for Diagnosis and Nursing Care (RRDTC), as well as hundreds of smaller medical and dental clinics are operating in Calgary. The University of Calgary Medical School also operates in partnership with Alberta Health Services, by researching cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, joint injury, arthritis and genetics. Children's Hospital of Alberta, built in 2006, replaces the old Children's Hospital.
The four largest hospitals in Calgary have a combined total of over 2,100 beds, and employ over 11,500 people.
Education
Primary and secondary
In the 2011-2012 school year, 100,632 K-12 students enrolled in 221 schools in the English public school system run by the Calgary Education Board. With other students enrolled in the CBe-learning program and related Chinook Learning Service, the total enrollment of the school system is 104,182 students. Another 43,000 attended about 95 schools on separate Canadian Catholic District School boards. The much smaller Francophone community has its own French (public and Catholic) school board, both of which are based in Calgary, but serve larger regional districts. There are also several public charter schools in the city. Calgary has a number of unique schools, including the country's first high school designed specifically for Olympic athlete athletes, National Sport School. Calgary is also home to many private schools including Mountain View Academy, Rundle College, Rundle Academy, Clear Water Academy, Calgary French and International Schools, Chinook Winds Adventist Academy, Webber Academy, Delta West Academy, Masters Academy, Calgary Islamic School, Menno Simons Christian Schools, West Island Colleges, Ujung Schools, Calgary Christian Schools, Heritage Christian Academy, Bearspaw Christian School.
Calgary is also home to West Canada's largest public high school, Lord Beaverbrook High School, with 2,241 students enrolled in school in 2005-2006. Currently the population of Lord Beaverbrook students is 1,812 students (September 2012) and several other schools are equally large; West Canadian High School with 2,035 students (2009) and Sir Winston Churchill High School with 1,983 students (2009).
Post-secondary
The publicly funded Calgary-based University of Calgary (U of C) is Canada's largest award-winning facility with enrollment of 28,464 students in 2011. Mount Royal University, with 13,000 students, awarded degrees in a number of fields. SAIT Polytechnic, with more than 14,000 students, provides polytechnic and internship education, certification, diploma and applied degrees. Athabasca University provides distance education programs.
Other Calgary-based publicly funded post-secondary institutions include the Alberta College of Arts and Design, Ambrose University College (linked to Christian and Missionary Alliances and Church of Nazareth), Bow Valley College, Mount Royal University, SAIT Polytechnic, St. University of Mary and U C. The publicly funded Athabasca University, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT), and the University of Lethbridge also have campuses in Calgary.
Several independent private institutions are located in the city. These include Reeves College, MaKami College, Robertson College, Columbia College, and CDI College. DeVry Institute of Technology announced the closing of its campus operation in Calgary on June 30, 2013.
Media
Surat kabar harian Calgary termasuk Calgary Herald , Calgary Sun dan Metro News .
Calgary is Canada's sixth largest television market. Broadcast stations serving Calgary include CICT 2 (Global), CFCN 4 (CTV), CKAL 5 (City), CBRT 9 (CBC), CKCS 32 (YesTV), and CJCO 38 (Omni). Network affiliate program from the United States comes from Spokane, Washington.
There are various radio stations, including stations for First Nations and the Asian community of Canada.
Famous people
Twin Cities
The city of Calgary maintains trade development programs, cultural and educational partnerships in twin agreements with six cities:
Calgary is one of nine Canadian cities, out of a total of 98 international cities, located in the organization of New York City Global Partners, Inc., formed in 2006 from former Sister City program in New York City, Inc..
See also
- List of cities in Alberta
- List of communities in Alberta
- Calgary Awards
References
Further reading
- Janz, Darrel (2001). CalgaryÃ, - Heart of the New West . Memphis, Tennessee: Towery Pub. ISBN: 1-881096-93-9.
- Kozub, Mark; Kozub, Janice (2001). Calgary Album: A Glimpse Of Our Ways There . Dundurn Press. ISBNÃ, 0-88882-224-3 . Retrieved April 6, 2011 .
- Martin, James (2002). CalgaryÃ, - The Unknown City (ed revised.). Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBNÃ, 1-55152-111-3 . Retrieved April 6, 2011 .
- McMorran, Jennifer; Brodeur, FranÃÆ'§ois (1999). Calgary . ÃÆ' â € ° ditions Ulysse. ISBNÃ, 2-89464-171-0 . Retrieved April 6, 2011 .
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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